Wednesday, July 9, 2014

Current Events

Civil War

An important event that has been happening in the recent history of Syria is the civil war. This civil war is based upon the huge divide that exists between the government and the people of Syria, who are tired of the way the government handles the country. According to abcnews.go.com, the war saw its first battle in the Arab Spring activism in Egypt and Tunisia in 2011, where protests were acted in the streets to voice the public unhappiness with the government and the reform that they wanted to see. The government acted in retaliation “with extreme measures, including the kidnapping, torture, and killing of protesters” (abcnews.go.com). From then on, the civil war has only escalated. An article by the Huffington Post depicts the trauma in the country: “The death toll may now be well over 150,000. Prisons and makeshift detention facilities are swelling with men, women and even children. Death by summary executions and unspeakable torture are widespread. People are also dying from hunger and once-rare infectious diseases. Whole urban centers and some of humankind’s great architectural and cultural heritage lie in ruins. Syria today is increasingly a failed state” (huffingtonpost.com).

ISIS

One major event that is in the news recently is the spread of ISIS, the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria, a group that is taking over land in Syria and Iran in order to create an Islamic state – a caliphate – that covers both countries. Until recently, ISIS had had land in both Syria and Iraq, but no way of connecting the two, when on Thursday they gained control of the Albu Kamal border crossing, and now can create a route for weapons and soldiers (cnn.com). ISIS has already captured several oil fields in Syria, creating more chaos in a country that is already in great turmoil. ISIS has been known for their social media efforts in creating terror as well as support, which is something that is a new tactic in this kind of warfare. 

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Sunday, July 6, 2014

Music, Dance, and Theatre
 

The Oud

An instrument that has become widely popular among Arab musicians is the oud. It is an old string instrument (around 3000 BCE). It has spread throughout the Middle East, and is believed to be the ancestor to the guitar and related instruments. The oud can have one or three holes, has a round back, a bent pegbox, no frets, and most have 11 strings. The oud that is played in the modern era has been around for about 500 years.

Below is a link to the playing of the oud:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nK5FJZOi9u4

The Dabke

Dabke

The Dabke is a folk dance that is popular in countries like Syria, Lebanon, and Iraq. It is a dance that has been based upon the building of homes. The roofs of homes used to be built with tree branches and mud, and when the seasons changed, the mud would crack and need to be fixed. This would call for the members of the house and neighbors to climb to the flat roof and stomp around so that the mud could be fixed. Today it is a dance that is done holding hands in a line, and has become an upbeat dance.

Below is a "how to" for Dabke:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HYxQMbsmPaw


Khayal al-Zill

The Khayal al-Zill is a type of shadow play. It is translated as “shadows of fancy”. It is what is known as Karagoz in Turkey. Khayal al-Zill is known for its epic stories, its satirical tales, and its ability to keep audiences entertained throughout the Middle East. It is a loveable form of theatre that is often sought out during the month of Ramadan. 

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Wednesday, July 2, 2014

Literature and Spoken Word

Mamdouh Adwan

MamdouhAdwan
Adwan was born in Hama, Syria in 1941. He was a poet, playwright, critic, and author. He has written more than seventeen collections of poetry (the first being al-Dhul al-Akhdhar or The Green Shadow), 24 plays, 23 translated books, 2 novels, a biography of George Orwell, and several television series, and also practiced teaching at the Advanced Institute for Theatre in Damascus (Banipal).

Muhammad al-Maghut

Magout.jpg
Born in 1934, al-Maghut was a Syrian poet and playwright known for his dark-satire style of writing. He was a prisoner for 9 months in 1955 because he held membership of the opposition Syrian Social Nationalist Party, and during his time in prison, he developed his unique style of poetry (Britannica). He is known to be one of the greatest writers of modern Arabic literature, and is well decorated, including the Syrian Order of Merit (Britannica).

Ghada al-Samman

Ghada al-Samman was born in al-Shamiya in Syria in 1942. She first spoke French, and eventually learned Arabic, and after achieving a degree in science, decided to study English literature. She was sentenced in 1966 to three months for anti-authoritarian expression, and eventually left Syria without permission (Arabwomenwriters.com). She writes for Arab women and nationalism, has created her own publishing company, and has become renowned for her expression.

Abu Shadi

Famous for being the “last of Syria’s hakawati”, Abu Shadi is a traditional storyteller who performs in Damascus. Hakawati tradition has been an integral part of Middle Eastern culture. “When I started storytelling, it started as a hobby, and gradually it became my job” Abu Shadi says, and according to the article, it is “a job he has done every night for the last 30 years, sometimes twice a night, leaving to perform at another restaurant immediately after he finishes at Al Nawfara” (Grantourismotravels.com). The hakawati tradition of storytelling is slowly dying out.

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Sources:

Shadi - http://grantourismotravels.com/2014/02/13/remembering-syria-and-syrians-the-storyteller-abu-shady/